What is scleroderma?

Scleroderma, also known as systemic sclerosis, is a chronic connective tissue condition. It is generally classified as an autoimmune rheumatic disease, where the immune system becomes overactive and affects the body’s tissues.

One of the most common features is the thickening or hardening of the skin. The name comes from the Greek words:

 sclero = hard and derma = skin.

Scleroderma is a multi-system condition, which means it can affect different parts of the body, including:

• Skin
• Blood vessels
• Digestive system
• Lungs
• Heart

In some cases, it can become serious or life-threatening, particularly when internal organs are involved.

What scleroderma is not

Scleroderma is:

• Not contagious
• Not infectious
• Not cancerous or malignant

Types of scleroderma

Scleroderma varies widely from person to person. Some people experience mild symptoms, while others may have more complex or serious disease. Most people have a milder form.

There are two main types of systemic scleroderma:

Limited scleroderma

Limited scleroderma most commonly affects the hands, arms, and face, and is often associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon.

Internal organ involvement can occur, but usually develops slowly over time.

Approximately 70% of people with systemic scleroderma have this form.

Diffuse scleroderma

Diffuse scleroderma can affect larger areas of the skin, including the hands, arms, trunk, and thighs.

It is more likely to involve internal organs earlier, and people may require more intensive treatment.

Around 30% of people have this form.

No two are the same

Even within these categories, scleroderma affects everyone differently.

Each person may experience a different combination of symptoms and levels of severity.